A face so deep!
Even the nature loves being in love....
Expressing the inexpressible music!
He is now rising from affluence to poverty--Mark Twain
Twice as nice!
Monday, August 6, 2012
The Ailing Planet: Notes for Revision
The Ailing Planet Objectives
·
Green Movement
·
Sustainable development
·
Zoo at Zambia
·
Brandt Commission
·
Four Principal biological systems
·
Article 48 of Indian Constitution
·
Population Explosion (consequences,
the best contraceptive etc.)
·
Era of Responsibility
Notes
1. Locate the lines in the text that support the
title ‘The Ailing Planet’.
The following lines in the text support the title
‘The Ailing Planet’:
·
Are we to leave our successors a
scorched Planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and ailing
environment.
·
A three years study using satellites
and aerial photography conducted by the United Nations warns that the
environment has deteriorated so badly that it is critical in many of the 88
countries investigated.
2. Significance of ‘The World’s most dangerous
animal’ at a cage in the zoo
at Lusaka, Zambia:
The notice signifies that there is depletion of
resources and deterioration of environment. Man is responsible for this and his
own survival is threatened.
3. Why does the author agree that the growth of
world population is one of the strongest
factors distorting the future of human society?
The population of India was estimated to be 920
million in 1994. Overpopulation upsets all plans of development and puts a
severe strain on the earth’s principal biological systems. This leads to
poverty and unemployment and development is hampered.
4. The causes for endless anguish to common man
are:
The endless anguish is caused to common man, when
laws are constituted but are never enforced or respected in our country. Evils
like casteism, untouchability, and bonded labour still exist and need to be
abolished by strict laws.
5. The unusually alarming statistics about the
population that the author talks about are:
The author says that the population explosion has
distorted the future of human society. Mankind took a million years to reach
the first billion. The second billion was added in just another 100 years and
the twentieth century has added 3.7 billion more.
The present population is over 5.7 billion. Every
four days the population increases by one million.
6. Importance of Green Revolution:
The Green Revolution is important as the signs of
the earth which are connected with life shows the earth as a patient. We have
moral obligations. We must become good stewards of the planet and act as
responsible trustees of the legacy for future generations.
7. Concept
of sustainable development:
Sustainable development is that progress which is
made to meet the needs of the present and takes care not to endanger the
future. This means we must not deprive the world of its resources and protect our
endangered species.
8. Role of industry in the new era of
responsibility:
Industry is the main source of environmental
pollution. In the new era of responsibility, the industrialists must become
conscious of their responsibility towards environment. They should remain
environmental friendly even when they exist as leading manufacturers.
9. Justify the title of the essay.
The author has depicted the planet earth as someone
who is suffering from a disease. The green movement takes a holistic view of
the situation and seeks to maintain and conserve the environment and maintain
it.
10. What is the holistic and ecological view of the
world that has emerged in recent
times?
The view about the world in the recent times is
that it is an organism which has become ailing and needs looking after. It also
has metabolic needs and vital processes which have to be nurtured and
preserved. We have to save the earth for our successors.
11. Explain the statement ‘forests precede mankind;
deserts follow’.
Forests have helped to nurture mankind from times
immemorial but man has destroyed these forests ruthlessly and deserts have
taken their place. Man is destroying himself by destroying forests.
12. Role of industries in the preservation of
environment:
Industries and industrialists have to exercise
control in use of natural resources. The top officials need to become the
guardians of our environment if we have to think about our future generations.
13. What are the four principal biological systems
that the author refers to?
The author refers to fisheries, forests, grasslands
and croplands as they form the foundation of the global economic system. They
provide raw materials for industry.
14. How are the earth’s principal biological
systems being depleted?
Earth’s principal biological systems are being
depleted by excessive use. Over fishing is quite common. Forests are being
destroyed to obtain firewood for cooking.
Grasslands are turning into deserts and produce
from croplands is decreasing.
15.How has the growth of world population affected
the environment? Support your
answer with suitable arguments?
The author Nani Palkhivala enumerates some alarming
statistics to suggest how the growth of world population has tremendously
affected the environment. The population which took a million years to reach
the first billion took just another hundred years to reach the second billion.
Another century passed it and reached the alarming figure of 3.7 million.
Presently it is over 6 million and there is a huge demand on resources, natural
or man made. The resources worldwide are under a lot of stress and pressure.
The four principal biological systems i.e. fisheries, forests, grasslands and
croplands which form the foundation of the global economic system and provide
raw materials to the industry are facing a lot of stress. The human demands on
these systems are increasing at a rapid speed. Hence, sustainability and
productivity are both hampered. When this happens, fisheries collapse, forests
disappear, grasslands become wastelands and croplands deteriorate. The need of
the hour is to become sensitive towards the needs of the environment to get
affected; we will leave behind nothing but an ailing planet for our future
generations.
16. We have not inherited this earth from our
forefathers; we have borrowed it from
our children. Discuss.
Earth’s resources are limited and will not last for
ever. In the twentieth century, there has been a revolutionary change in human
perception. We cannot take the planet for granted. We are mere custodians. We
have to take a holistic view of the very basis of our existence. The earth is a
living organism of which we are parts. It has its own metabolic needs to stay
alive and must be respected and preserved for the future generation. What is
required is sustainable development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the destiny of future generation. There are four biological
systems, namely fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands. They form the
foundation of the global economic system. They supply us food and raw materials
for industry. In larger areas of the world, these systems are reaching
unsustainable levels. Their productivity is being damaged. The growth of world
population is another factor distorting the future of our children. Development
is not possible if population increases. In this era of responsibility towards
our future generation, population must be controlled. Industries must become
environmental friendly. Now many industrialists, politicians and writers have
realized their responsibility in preserving the non renewable natural resources
for the future generation.
Sunday, August 5, 2012
Passage for Practice: Note-Making and Summary
(i) Read the passage given below
carefully and answer the questions that follow:
(8 marks)
1. The
practice of soil conservation involves methods to reduce soil erosion, prevent
depletion of soil nutrients, and restore nutrients, already lost by erosion and
excessive crop harvesting. Most methods used to control soil erosion involve,
keeping
the
soil covered with vegetation.
2. In
conventional farming, the land is ploughed several times and smoothed to make a
planting surface – a practice that makes it vulnerable to soil erosion. To
reduce erosion, an increasing number of farmers in many countries are using
conservation –
tillage
farming, also known as minimum – tillage, or no‐ till farming, depending on the
degree
to which the soil is disturbed. Farmers using these methods disturb the soil as
little
as possible in planting crops.
3. For
the minimum‐tillage method, special tillers break up and loosen the
subsurface
soil without turning over the topsoil. In no‐till farming special planting
machines
inject seeds, fertilizers and weed‐killers into slits made in the unploughed
soil.
4. In
addition to reducing soil erosion, conversation – tillage and no‐till farming reduce
fuel and tillage costs and water loss from soil. They can also increase the number
of crops that can be grown during a season.
5. Soil
erosion can also be reduced by 30‐50 percent on gently sloping land by means of
contour farming – ploughing and planting crops in rows across, rather than up
and down, the sloped contours of the land. Each row planted horizontally along
the slope of the land acts as a small dam to help hold and slow the runoff of
water.
6.
Terracing can be used on steeper slopes. Each terrace retains some of the water
running down the vegetated slope. Terracing provides water for crops at all
levels and decreases soil erosion by reducing the amount and speed of water
runoff. In areas of high rainfall, diversions ditches must be built behind each
terrace to permit adequate drainage.
7. In
strip cropping, a series of rows of one crop, such as corn or soybeans, is planted
in a wide strip. Then the next strip is planted with a soil‐conserving cover
crop, such as grass or grass‐legume mixture, which completely covers the soil
and thus reduces
erosion. These alternating rows of cover trap soil that erodes from the other rows,
catch and reduce water runoff, and help prevent the spread of plant diseases
and pests
from one strip to another.
8.
Windbreaks can reduce erosion caused by exposure of cultivated lands to high winds
or shelter beats. These are long rows of trees planted to partially block the
wind. Windbreaks
also provide habitats for birds, pest eating and pollinating insects and other
animals.
2.1. On the basis of your
reading of the above passage make notes on it using
headings and sub‐headings. Use recognizable
abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (5
marks)
2.2. Write a summary of the notes
prepared in not more than 80 words. (3 marks)
From the pen of Ishana Vats
Discovering the new me!
मेरी सोच......
एक राह पर चल रहें हैं हम ,मंजिल भी एक है ,
तो फिर कैसी हैं येह दूरीयाँ , जब अल्लाह भी एक है।
कह हम बहुत कुछ देते हैं, लेकिन सुनते हम कुछ भी नही ,
अपनी ही उलझनों में बंधे रहते हैं, दुनिया की हमें परवाह नही।
इधर उधर भटकना तो सभी को आता है ,
जो अपनी मंजिल तक पहुँच जाये, वही खिलाड़ी कहलाता है।
वो ज़िन्दगी ही क्या, जिसका कोई लक्ष्य न हो,
वो ज़िन्दगी ही क्या, जो दूसरों के लिए कुर्बान न हो।
ऐसा ही कुछ नज़ारा हम हर रोज़ देखते हैं,
इत्तेफ़ाक यह है.....की "सब चलता है" .....
Advertisements: A Comprehensive Study
Dear Students
This
document on Advertisements offer an exhaustive compilation of varied
types of advertisements, used for personal and official purposes, with
examples. Kindly refer to it while writing and practising assignments on
Advertisements.
ADVERTISEMENTS
PURPOSE:
·
To persuade people to buy
CHARACTERISTICS:
a.
Must stand out and grab attention
b.
Must sustain attention – provide clear information,
transmit message about the product’s utility, establish supremacy above other
similar products
c.
Must utilize the limited ad space
effectively
d.
Must convince the potential consumers to
accept the message and buy
TYPES:
I.
Classified Advertisements:
i.
Appear in a particular section of the paper
according to the type
ii.
Generally brief as the advertiser is billed by the
word
iii.
To make it brief- grammar is generally ignored,
abbreviations and certain words peculiar to the product are used
iv.
Sometimes – no contact address given- a P.O. box number is provided by newspapers
to maintain secrecy
Types:
a. Situations Vacant
b. To – Let
c. Property for Sale
d. Sale of Vehicle
e. Sale of Household goods/
equipments
f. Services – Packers and Movers,
Counseling, Training, Detectives
g. Lost or Found
h. Missing person or pet
i. Matrimonial
j. Travel and tours
k. Appeal
l. Pets and livestock
m.Educational institute
n. Business proposal
II. Display/ Commercial Advertisements
i.
Graphically designed
ii.
Various shapes and sizes
iii.
Often with logos, photos, drawings, or borders
iv.
An advertisement with a border or pictures will be
a display advertisement, even if it is in the classified section
v.
Found throughout the newspaper
Types:
i.
Local or retail – emphasizes on merchandize,
products or services available at stores in the community
ii.
National – promote countrywide operations like a
soap or a car
DETAILED
ANALYSIS
CLASSIFIEDS
CLASSIFIEDS
Situations Vacant
i.
Begin with ‘Wanted’ / ‘Required’
ii.
Write the name of the organization
iii.
Indicate post, no. of vacancies
iv.
Include essential qualifications, experience
v.
Give preferences – age, sex of candidate, fresher/
experienced
vi.
State pay scale, perks, opportunities for growth
vii.
Mention mode of applying – online, courier,
personally
viii.
Inform about interview procedure
ix.
Contact address and phone number of employer
To – Let
i.
Begin with ‘Wanted’ or ‘Available’
ii.
Indicate type of accommodation – flat/ bungalow/
villa
iii.
Describe – carpet area, porch, garage, store,
garden, size of rooms, BHK, bathrooms
iv.
Indicate direction/ location – sun facing/ park
facing, well lit, corner/ two sides open, proximity to market/ school,
landmarks
v.
State type of construction – earthquake resistant,
etc
vi.
Details of facilities - water/ electricity supply
vii.
Preference of tenants –bachelor/ small family/
company lease
viii.
Rent amount – negotiable/ fixed
Property
for sale
Kind of property (house/bungalow/flat/villa/cottage/ floor)
If commercial, you can mention -
i.
Conference room
ii.
Reception
iii.
Pantry
iv.
Centralized AC
v.
Server
vi.
Computerized/web cam
vii.
Tiffin facilities
viii.
Video conferencing
ix.
Proper flooring and wall-to-wall carpet
x.
Plasma TG/Projector
Specify the location /area
i.
Nearby market
ii.
Recreational/sports club
iii.
Sun facing
iv.
Based on vaastu.
Facilities (toilet/kitchen/Balcony/ store room)
Area in sq. yards
Price expected
i.
Negotiable
ii.
Payment in 2/3 installments
·
Contact address / phone no
Sale of Vehicle
Mention the
i.
Heading
ii.
Model/ year of manufacture
iii.
Features/ accessories fitted
iv.
Mileage
v.
Kilometers done
vi.
Make
vii.
Colour
viii.
Condition
ix.
Ownership details
x.
Insurance details
xi.
Contact details
Sale of household goods
i.
Name of the item
ii.
Brand/ model/ year of manufacture
iii.
Condition
iv.
Contact address/ phone number
Services
Detective
services
i.
Mention the name of agency
ii.
Work timings and scope
iii.
Services provided
iv.
Qualification of detectives
v.
Guarantee of anonymity
Packers and Movers
i.
Mention the name of the agency
ii.
Qualities that make them trustworthy
iii.
Scope of business dealings
iv.
Customer care facilities
Lost or Found
i.
Begin with ‘Lost’ or ‘Found’
ii.
Specify item
iii.
Brief physical description
iv.
Where and when lost/ found
v.
Reward – optional
vi.
Contact number
Missing person or pet
i.
Heading – ‘Missing’
ii.
Physical description – Person (name, age, height,
complexion, built, health, mental condition, identification marks, clothes);
Pet (name, breed, colour, fur, identifying features)
iii.
State missing since when, from where
iv.
Reward, if any
v.
Contact address and phone no.
Matrimonial
i.
Begin with ‘Wanted’ or ‘Required’
ii.
Personal details – appearance, educational
qualifications, family members and background
iii.
Professional details
iv.
Preferences in religion, etc.
v.
Contact address and phone no.
Travel and Tours
i.
Begin with the phrase – ‘Package Available’
ii.
Name of the travel agency
iii.
Details of destination and duration
iv.
Details of the package – boarding, lodging
v.
Cost and discount
vi.
Contact address, phone number
Appeal
i. Begin with ‘Appeal’ or ‘Help
Required’
ii. Specify nature of appeal
iii. Brief description of the problem
iv. Specify the demand
v. Contact address and phone number
i. Begin with the word ‘Sale’ or
‘Purchase’
ii. Specify animal, breed
iii. Mention pedigree, parentage
iv. Brief physical description
v. Details of vaccination
vi. Other details – training,
qualities
vii. Price expected
viii. Contact address, phone number
Educational Institute
i.
Name of the institution
ii.
Courses, classes offered
iii.
Eligibility criteria
iv.
Facilities
v.
Fee
vi.
Last date for registration
vii.
Address/ contact details
Business proposal
i.
Name, nature of organization
ii.
Business it deals in
iii.
Requirements
iv.
Contact number
COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS
i.
Put up by corporate or business house
ii.
Eye catching, glamorous
iii.
Vary in shape and size
iv.
No set format
v.
Visually appealing – catchy headlines, slogans, punch lines, witty
expressions and visuals
vi.
Classified – formal language; commercial – informal
IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE INCLUDED
1.
Name and address of the advertising agency/ institution/ organizer
2.
Details of products/ service advertised
3.
Special attraction/ discounts
4.
Areas covered by these: educational institutes, consumer goods, product
launch, etc.
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