Report Writing

 

A report is a brief account of an event that has already taken place. A Report helps in recording events of importance that occurs in our day to day life. A report attempts to present the first hand information of an incident or event. A report of an event presents a record of events that took place. A report on an event includes one’s ideas, opinions and impressions on the event.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

• Mention the place, date, time and other relevant facts about the event.

• Include information collected from people around or affected by the event.

• Write the name of the reporter.

• Provide a suitable title/heading.

• Write in past tense.

• Write in reported speech and use passive form of expression.

• Develop ideas (causes, reasons, consequences, opinions) logically.

• Write in a less formal and more descriptive manner while writing a report for a school magazine.

• Present your ideas and impressions to make the report interesting

SOLVED REPORT

You are Roshan /Roshini, Secretary of Cultural club, Hyderabad Public School, Hyderabad. As a member of N.G.C. (National Green Corps), write a report, in 100 – 125 words for your school magazine.

TOWARDS A GREENER ENVIRONMENT

The cultural club of our school in association with National Green Corps organized many activities during the year 2010 for the cause of greener environment in and around the school. A seminar in the month of February was held for students on the need to save environment. In April, the Vanamahotsav week was observed, which was inaugurated with a tree plantation drive. 500 saplings were planted in the colonies in and around the school.

Several inter‐house competitions including poster‐making and drawing were conducted which witnessed a huge participation. Students volunteered to clean the surroundings. Pamphlets were distributed among the public to promote cleanliness and hygiene.

A rally was organized in September to create awareness among the public to stop the use of plastic bags and to replace it with eco‐friendly products. The various purposeful activities conducted during the year were well received and were to a great extent effective in creating awareness among the people.

Roshni

Secretary, Cultural Club

Sample Factual Descriptions

 

A VISIT TO A HOSPITAL

A hospital is a place where the sick or the wounded come for treatment. They are attended to by qualified doctors, nurses and other medical staff. The different wings of the hospital are called wards. People suffering from different diseases

are admitted there and treated. The victims of accidents are admitted in the casualty ward. People having ear, nose and throat trouble are treated in the E.N.T. ward. Similarly there is an ICCU ward for very seriously afflicted heart patients, Paediatric Ward for children below 12 years of age, Orthopaedic wards for patients with broken bones and Neurology and Psychiatry wards for patients suffering from mental ailments. There are special wards for women, children and  separate wards for burns, eyes, physiotherapy etc. The general ward of a hospital is generally overcrowded. Hundreds of patients suffering from different diseases are admitted here but not every patient who comes to the hospital is admitted. Thousands of patients visit the Out Patient Department for consultation, diagnosis and treatment of their diseases. Doctors and nurses visit the patients at regular intervals. Food and ‘other things are also provided to the patients. There are private. rooms for those who can afford.

Facilities for X-ray, E.C.G., Oxygen gas equipment, Blood Bank and Diagnostic laboratory also exist in good hospitals. But no hospital can be good without good doctors and nurses who are expected to be professionally oriented and kind and sympathetic to the patients. To a common man, hospital is a dreadful place full of stench, sickness and sufferings — a place he would never like to visit.

A RICKSHAW-PULLER

A rickshaw-puller is a common sight in India. He can be seen standing at public places like bus stands, railway stations and road crossings waiting for passengers. A,rickshaw-puller appears miserable and weak. He is not treated well by the general public and is generally overworked and underpaid. He is generally hated, humiliated by everyone. This makes the rickshaw-puller sometimes pay them in the same coin. He also behaves with them rudely and harshly. The life of the rickshaw puller is very hard. He works from morning till evening and even at night. He carries passengers and loads from one place to another. The poor rickshaw-puller has. to submit to the dictates of his passengers as well as the hafta realising mafia and greedy policemen.

A few rickshaw-pullers fall into bad habits. They waste their hard earned money in drinking, drugs and gambling. They should be saved from this evil and something must be done to improve their lot.

THE PROCESS OF GETTING RESERVATION

FOR A TRAIN JOURNEY

For getting reservation for a train journey, go to the railway station and see the reservation clerk to make sure whether berths are available on the train you intend to travel by on a particular date. If the seats are available, fill up the application form giving personal and travel details and hand it over to the reservation clerk.

The number and name of the train, the journey date, the destination, the names of the persons going on the journey with their age and sex are to be filled in the specified columns on the form. The reservation clerk checks the form, collects the money, makes entries in the computers and issues the ticket.

There are many computerized reservation centres in cities. Tickets can be booked 30 days in advance at any counter for any train and destination. Now tickets can be booked and printed at home thanks to the e-ticketing facility of Indian Railways. It is sad that many touts fleece innocent passengers with the active connivance of booking staff and police.

Job Application - Cover Letter Samples

Writing a cover letter often seems like a particularly daunting task. However, if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be an expert at writing cover letters to send with your resume.

A cover letter typically accompanies each resume you send out. Your cover letter may make the difference between obtaining a job interview and having your resume ignored, so it makes good sense to devote the necessary time and effort to writing effective cover letters.

A cover letter should complement, not duplicate, your resume. Its purpose is to interpret the data-oriented, factual resume and add a personal touch. A cover letter is often your earliest written contact with a potential employer, creating a critical first impression.

There are three general types of cover letters:

·         The application letter which responds to a known job opening (review samples)

·         The prospecting letter which inquires about possible positions (review samples)

·         The networking letter which requests information and assistance in your job search (review samples)

COVER LETTER FORMAT

Your Contact Information
Name
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Phone Number
Email Address

Date

Employer Contact Information (if you have it)
Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State, Zip Code

·         Cover Letter Contact Section Examples

Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, (leave out if you don't have a contact or using Dear Hiring Manager or one of the other examples below)

SUBJECT

·         Cover Letter Greeting Examples

Body of Cover Letter
The body of your cover letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow-up.

First Paragraph
The first paragraph of your letter should include information on why you are writing. Mention the position you are applying for and where you found the job listing. Include the name of a mutual contact, if you have one.

Middle Paragraph(s)
The next section of your cover letter should describe what you have to offer the employer. Mention specifically how your qualifications match the job you are applying for. Remember, you are interpreting your resume, not repeating it.

Final Paragraph
Conclude your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position. Include information on how you will follow-up.

Complimentary Close

Respectfully yours,

Signature

Handwritten Signature (for a mailed letter)

SAMPLE COVER LETTER

Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email

Contact Name
Title
Company Name
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Dear Contact Person:

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Manager position listed on CareerBuilder.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of the non-profit sector and my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities included the development and management of the site's editorial voice and style, the editorial calendar, and the daily content programming and production of the web site. I worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to help them provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. In addition, I helped physicians learn to utilize their medical content to write user-friendly, readily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments at an organization. I have the ability to work within a team as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements, work with the development department to implement design and functional enhancements, and monitor site statistics and conduct search engine optimization.

I am currently earning in the mid-fifties.

Thank you for your consideration.

Signature

FirstName LastName

=======

SAMPLE 2

Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email

Date

Name
Title
Organization
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name:

Your IT department has advertised two job openings for which my experience directly qualifies me. While I do not have any direct chemical industry experience I do have nuclear power experience. The two are not directly related, but both industries endure extreme regulatory pressure for environmental impact. I have been exposed to this kind of regulatory environment and I recognize how vital IT is for the record keeping that is necessary for dealing with that kind of scrutiny.

My IT experience gives me a unique ability to apply technology, in all its forms, to business processes. Some of the business process knowledge includes accounting, finance, facilities, inventory control, budgeting, vendor management and various operational processes.

I have experience with merger/acquisition events, high growth challenges, technology replacement projects and IT process improvement. I have delivered large technology projects on schedule/on budget and in alignment with the business strategy. Companies I have worked for include Dakil Energy, Hoppy Rent a Car, Digit Equipment, and Miners Gas and Electric.

I would enjoy an opportunity to talk with you or someone in your organization to see where my skill set would be of the greatest benefit to your company.

Sincerely,

Your Signature

Your Name

Literary Devices - Definition and examples

A POET IS LIMITED in the materials he can use in creating his works: all he has are words to express

his ideas and feelings. These words need to be precisely right on several levels at once:

• they must sound right to the listener even as they delight his ear

• they must have a meaning which might have been unanticipated, but seems to be

the perfectly right one

• they must be arranged in a relationship and placed on the page in ways that are

at once easy to follow and assist the reader in understanding

• they must probe the depths of human thought, emotion, and empathy, while

appearing simple, self-contained, and unpretentious

Fortunately, the English language contains a wide range of words from which to choose for almost every thought, and there are also numerous plans or methods of arrangement of these words, called poetic devices, which can assist the writer in developing cogent expressions pleasing to his readers.

Even though most poetry today is read silently, it must still carry with it the feeling of being spoken aloud, and the reader should practice “hearing” it in order to catch all of the artfulness with which the poet has created his work.

the SOUNDS of words

Words or portions of words can be clustered or juxtaposed to achieve specific kinds of effects when we hear them. The sounds that result can strike us as clever and pleasing, even soothing. Others we dislike and strive to avoid. These various deliberate arrangements of words have been identified.

Alliteration: Repeated consonant sounds at the beginning of words placed near each other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. A somewhat looser definition is that it is the use of the same consonant in any part of adjacent words.

Example: fast and furious

Example: Peter and Andrew patted the pony at Ascot

Onomatopoeia: Words that sound like their meanings or the formation of a word that imitates or suggests the sound that it represents.

In Hear the steady tick of the old hall clock, the word tick sounds like the action of the clock.

Example: boom, buzz, crackle, gurgle, hiss, pop, sizzle, snap, swoosh, whirl

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Repetition: The purposeful re-use of words and phrases for an effect. Sometimes, especially with longer phrases that contain a different key word each time, this is called parallelism. It has been a central part of poetry in many cultures. Many of the Psalms use this device as one of their unifying elements.

Example: I was glad; so very, very glad.

Example: Half a league, half a league,

Half a league onward…

…

Cannon to right of them,

Cannon to left of them,

Cannon in front of them

Volley’d and thunder’d…

Rhyme: This is the one device most commonly associated with poetry by the general public. Words that have different beginning sounds but whose endings sound alike, including the final vowel sound and everything following it, are said to rhyme.

Example: time, slime, mime

Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other or does the action of the other. The words “like” and “as” are not used in metaphors.

Example: He’s a zero.

Example: Her fingers danced across the keyboard.

Oxymoron: A combination of two words that appear to contradict each other.

Example: a pointless point of view; bittersweet

Paradox: A statement in which a seeming contradiction may reveal an unexpected truth.

Example: The hurrier I go the behinder I get.

Personification: Attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object, animal, or abstract idea.

Example: The days crept by slowly, sorrowfully.

Fear knocked on the door, Faith answered, “There is no one there.”

Pun: Word play in which words with totally different meanings have similar or identical sounds OR a play on words wherein one word is used to convey two meanings at the same time. Puns are often intended for a humorous or rhetorical effect.

Example: Like a firefly in the rain, I’m de-lighted.

PUN (also called PARANOMASIA)

Simile: A direct comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as.”

Example: He’s as dumb as an ox.

Example: Her eyes are like comets.

Rhetorical Question: A question solely for effect, which does not require an answer. By the implication the answer is obvious, it is a means of achieving an emphasis stronger than a direct statement.

Example: Could I but guess the reason for that look?

Example: O, Wind,

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

Rhyme Scheme: The pattern established by the arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or poem, generally described by using letters of the alphabet to denote the recurrence of rhyming lines, such as the ababbcc  stanza form.

Poetic Devices in the IMAGES of words

A poet uses words more consciously than any other writer. Although poetry often deals with deep human emotions or philosophical thought, people generally don’t respond very strongly to abstract words, even the words describing such emotions and thoughts. The poet, then, must embed within his work those words which do carry strong visual and sensory impact, words which are fresh and spontaneous but vividly descriptive.

He must carefully pick and choose words that are just right. It is better to show the reader than to merely tell him.

Imagery: The use of vivid language to generate ideas and/or evoke mental images, not only of the visual sense, but of sensation and emotion as well. While most commonly used in reference to figurative language, imagery can apply to any component of a poem that evoke sensory experience and emotional response and also applies to the concrete things so brought to mind.

mood or tone. Images of disease, corruption, and death, for example, are recurrent patterns shaping our

perceptions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet.

Examples:

• Sight: Smoke mysteriously puffed out from the clown’s ears.

• Sound: Tom placed his ear tightly against the wall; he could hear a faint but distinct thump

thump thump.

• Touch: The burlap wall covering scraped against the little boy’s cheek.

• Taste: A salty tear ran across onto her lips.

• Smell: Cinnamon! That’s what wafted into his nostrils.

ALLEGORY

An allegory is a device used to represent an idea, principle or meaning, which can be presented in literary form, such as a poem or novel; or in a visual form such as a painting or drawing.

As a literary device, an allegory is defined as an “extended metaphor”, or “symbolic representation”. Very often an allegoric story or play illustrates an idea or moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meaning.

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ALLUSION

An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, representation of a place, historical event, literary work, myth, or work of art. Allusions can be direct references or implications.

ANALOGY

An analogy is a comparison that is made between two things that are in some way/ ways similar. An analogy is often used to help explain something or make it easier to understand

HYPERBOLE

A hyperbole is a figure of speech in which an overstatement or exaggeration occurs.

Often used in poetry or in casual speech, hyperboles are usually used to create emphasis or effect.

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IRONY

Irony is incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs.

Verbal Irony

Ironic statements (verbal irony) typically imply a meaning that is opposite to the literal meaning.

Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony.

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Situational Irony

A situation is ironic if actions taken have an effect exactly opposite from what was intended or expected.

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